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前几天用split的时候发现一个programming ruby里没提到的用法, 刚刚开始还吓了一大跳..
不知道大家知道不, 分享一下先
"aa,bb,cc".split(/(,)/)
结果是['aa', ',', 'bb', ',', 'cc']
而不是期望中的 ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
原来正则表达式中的括号搞的鬼
如果写成"aa,bb,cc".split(/,/)就是会得到期望中的结果了
看到有前辈写了一个
UTF-8与UNICODE相互转换的代码
,
顺便提一下,希望可以给大家提供一点帮助.
下面是一些编码格式的bit长
Examples of fixed-width encoding forms:
|
Type
|
Each character
encoded as
|
Notes
|
|
7-bit
|
a single 7-bit quantity
|
example:
ISO
646
|
|
8-bit G0/G1
|
a single 8-bit quantity
|
with constraints on use of C0 and C1 spaces
|
|
8-bit
|
a single 8-bit quantity
|
with no constraints on use of C1 space
|
|
8-bit
EBCDIC
|
a single 8-bit quantity
|
with the EBCDIC conventions rather than
ASCII
conventions
|
|
16-bit (
UCS
-2)
|
a single 16-bit quantity
|
within a code space of 0..FFFF
|
|
32-bit (
UCS
-4)
|
a single 32-bit quantity
|
within a code space 0..7FFFFFFF
|
|
32-bit (
UTF
-32)
|
a single 32-bit quantity
|
within a code space of 0..10FFFF
|
|
16-bit
DBCS
process code
|
a single 16-bit quantity
|
example: UNIX widechar implementations of Asian CCS's
|
|
32-bit
DBCS
process code
|
a single 32-bit quantity
|
example: UNIX widechar implementations of Asian CCS's
|
|
DBCS
Host
|
two 8-bit quantities
|
following IBM host conventions
|
Examples of variable-width encoding forms:
|
Name
|
Characters are encoded as
|
Notes
|
|
UTF
-8
|
a mix of one to four 8-bit code units in Unicode
and one to six code units in 10646
|
used only with Unicode/10646
|
|
UTF
-16
|
a mix of one to two 16 bit code units
|
used only with Unicode/10646
|
Boost中提供了一个UTF-8 Codecvt Facet,可以在utf8和UCS-4(Unicode-32)之间转换.
使用方式如下
//...
// My encoding type
typedef wchar_t ucs4_t;
std::locale old_locale;
std::locale utf8_locale(old_locale,new utf8_codecvt_facet<ucs4_t>);
// Set a New global locale
std::locale::global(utf8_locale);
// UCS-4 转换为 UTF-8
{
std::wofstream ofs("data.ucd");
ofs.imbue(utf8_locale);
std::copy(ucs4_data.begin(),ucs4_data.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<ucs4_t,ucs4_t>(ofs));
}
// 读入 UTF-8 ,转换为 UCS-4
std::vector<ucs4_t> from_file;
{
std::wifstream ifs("data.ucd");
ifs.imbue(utf8_locale);
ucs4_t item = 0;
while (ifs >> item) from_file.push_back(item);
}
//...
UTF-8 Codecvt Facet详见
http://www.boost.org/libs/serialization/doc/codecvt.html
watir 处理弹出窗口
[fxzeng 原创]
(转载请保留此标志)
fxzeng
mail: fxzeng@126.com
处理弹出窗口是进行web测试的必经之路, 对于对于初学者这似乎是一个并不太好解决的问题, watir 自带的unittests里有这样的例子,但是牵扯的文件多, 而且还涉及到块的调用, 往往初学者只能照葫芦画瓢的解决这个问题.
这里介绍一种简便的处理方法, 先看看unittests中是如何处理弹出窗口的:
共牵扯到三个文件
#-----------------unittests/jscript_test.rb-------------------------------
# check_dialog, to create a new thread to help push the dialog button
#
def check_dialog(extra_file, expected_result, &block)
goto_javascript_page()
Thread.new { system("rubyw \"#{$mydir}\\#{extra_file}.rb\"") }
# system(), call win cmd to run
jscriptExtraAlert.rb
block.call
testResult = $ie.text_field(:id, "testResult").value
assert_match( expected_result, testResult )
end
# test method
def test_alert_button()
check_dialog('jscriptExtraAlert', /Alert OK/){ $ie.button(:id, 'btnAlert').click }
end
#--------------END--jscript_test.rb-------------------------------
#---------------unittests/jscriptExtraAlert.rb-------------------------------
$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..') if $0 == __FILE__
require 'watir/WindowHelper'
helper = WindowHelper.new
helper.push_alert_button()
#-------------END--jscriptExtraAlert.rb-------------------------------
#-------------watir/WindowHelper.rb------------------------------
require 'win32ole'
class WindowHelper
def initialize( )
@autoit = WIN32OLE.new('AutoItX3.Control')
end
def push_alert_button()
@autoit.WinWait "Microsoft Internet Explorer", ""
@autoit.Send "{ENTER}"
end
#------------END--WindowHelper.rb--------------------------
文件之间的调用关系真是够复杂的, : ) 涉及到了三个文件, 如果需要按Cancel键的话还得增加一个jscriptExtraConfirmCancel.rb, 需要处理安全警告的话还得增加一个...., 或许你会说, 这些文件都不复杂, 写在主文件里不就行了么, 干吗还得调用文件?? 呵呵, 试试就知道为什么了...
这里介绍的方法用一个文件就可以代替原来的多个文件, 即可以处理确认, 撤消, 安全警告, 选择文件等多种情况的弹出窗口.
#----------main-method-----------------------------
def test_push_button
... ...
thrs = []
thrs << Thread.new{system("rubyw #{mydir}\\myWinHelper.rb Microsoft delete TAB ENTER")}
# Microsoft, title of the popup window, delete, text contained in the window, TAB ENTER, push TAB key then ENTER
thrs << Thread.new{$ie.button(:id, 'btnAlert').click }
thrs.each{|x| x.join}
... ...
end
#---------END--main-method--------------------
#--------myWinHelper.rb-----------------------
require 'win32ole'
autoit = WIN32OLE.new"AutoItX3.Control"
title = ARGV[0]
texts = ARGV[1]
operation = []
for i in 2..(ARGV.lengh - 3)
operaton << ARGV[i]
end
autoit.WinWait(title,texts)
operatoin.each{|x|
autoit.Send"{x}"
}
#---------END--myWinHelper.rb------------
这样, 弹出窗口问题就可以轻松解决了, 只需一个myWinHelper.rb就可以处理确定取消等常见问题, 这里的myWinHelper.rb只是一个例子, 如果有兴趣, 可以在里面添加语句, 可以轻松处理更多问题, 比如
安全警告窗口:
thrs << Thread.new{system("rubyw #{mydir}\\myWinHelper.rb \"TAB 3\" ENTER")}
# push TAB key three times, and ENTER
选择文件窗口:
thrs << Thread.new{system("rubyw #{mydir}\\myWinHelper.rb d:\\file\\test.txt !o")}
# enter the directory of the file, and then push Alt+o
watir 处理弹出窗口 [fxzeng 原创]
fxzeng
mail: fxzeng@126.com